The Importance of Free Trade in a Globalized World Economy Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The best way to improve the global economy is to enhance the chances of a more international trade. This is the main objective of forming the World Trade Organization and entering into trade agreements like GATT so that the member countries will be encouraged to enter into trade and commercial transactions more freely. Such a situation where there are increased commercial activities between nations improves the free flow of foreign exchange from one country to another. If the world economy is to be strengthened there should be an all-around economic growth in all the countries. This is possible only by encouraging free trade between the countries. The economic history of the world has witnessed the free flow of foreign exchange from the industrially advanced countries to the emerging economies in the form of Foreign Direct Investments for promoting various infrastructural facilities in the developing countries. China can be cited as one best example for the development of the world economy through free trade. With the rapid changes the country brought about in the country in the form of market economy reforms, the country was able to attract more foreign investments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Free Trade in a Globalized World Economy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This has greatly facilitated the country to make an all-around improvement in its economic activities. With the growth in the economy, other nations identified a potentially large market for their goods and services in China and this has made the United States and other Western countries to expand the scope of their presence in China. This had automatically led to the flow of foreign exchange between countries both in the form of trade-related transactions and on capital accounts for investment purposes. The development of China and other third world countries can easily vouch for the importance of free trade to the global economy. Yet another important element of the global economy is the availability of adequate employment opportunities in all the countries across the world.

Applying Value Added Intellectual Coefficientness to Businesses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1065 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? For the purposes of this study, Intellectual Capital is defined as the sum of all intellectual material, knowledge, information, intellectual property, and experience that can be put in by a company to create wealth (Pulic). As such, this definition attempts to encapsulate all aspects of the term intangible assets, a fact that would be made further clear when the individual components of VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Coefficient) are analysed. Developed by Pulic in 1998, VAIC is a developing tool used as a performance measure for comparison of companies and also as a predictor of company performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Applying Value Added Intellectual Coefficientness to Businesses" essay for you Create order According to Pulics method, VAIC is modelled as the sum of the following three efficiency terms: Human Capital Efficiency (HCE) Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE) Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) Each companys own knowledge, skills, values, and solutions can be tangibalized into value in the market, which in turn affects the competitive advantage, and increases the productivity and market value (Pulic, 2002) These intangible assets together form the intellectual capital (Yalama and Coskun, 2007) Intellectual capital is an intellectual material, knowledge, information, intellectual property, and experience that can be put to create wealth(Stewart, 1997). Leadbeater (1999) mentioned that only about 7 percent of Microsofts stock market Value was accounted by tangible assets, whereas, the remaining 93% of the companys value was created by intangible assets. Kamath(2007) has analyzed the Intellectual and Physical capital value creating ability of the Indian banki ng sector by using VAIC for the 5-year period, and has then discussed the effect of intellectual and physical capital performance on value-based performance Kamath(2008) has studied the relationship between intellectual capital components and traditional performance measures, such as, pro ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ tability, productivity, and market valuation between 1996 and 2006, in the drug and pharmaceutical industry in India. Intellectual Capital Measurement Methods Several methods have been developed to measure Intellectual capital, such as, Market Capitalization Approach, Direct Intellectual Capital Measurement Approach, Scorecard Approach, Economic Value Added Approach VAIC Approach Methodology A 2 step process was followed in this project Calculation of the intellectual capital performances of the IT companies using VAIC Effects of VAIC and its components on the organizational performance were analyzed using multiple regression analyses The first step: Calculating Value Added VA: Prior to computing the three efficiencies, it is necessary to calculate the value addition capability of a company ith a given amount of financial and intellectual capital. Chang (2007) gives the formula for VA as follows: VA = Gross Margin Sales Administrative Expenses + Labour Expenses As evident from the formula, employees are viewed not as expenses but as investments that drive future growth. This philosophy is consistent with the modern treatment of human capital. Human Capital Efficiency: This component of VAIC attempts to capture how much VA created by a unit of money is spent on employees. HCE = VA/HC where HC = total salary and wage expenditure for the company Capital Employed Efficiency: This term captures the VA created by a unit of money spent on capital expenditures CEE = VA/CE Where CE = book value of net assets for the company Structural Capital Efficiency: Structural Capital is a construct designed to include proprietary software systems, distribution networks, supply chains, brand, organization management process, and customer loyalty. It is the difference between a companys total value added and its human capital. SC = VA HC and SCE = SC/VA After calculating the three efficiency terms, VAIC is calculated as VAIC = HCE + CEE + SCE Dependent Variables The dependent variables in the regression analysis are the tradition measures of company competence. A list of these measures and their associated definitions is provided below: Market valuation Market Valuation is the ratio of market capitalization to book value of common stocks(Chan,2009) Pro ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ tability Pro ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ tability is the ratio of operating income-to-book value of total assets (Chan, 2009) Productivity Productivity is the ratio of total revenue to book value of total assets (Chan, 2009) Return on equity Return on equity is the ratio of net income to total shareholders equity (Chan, 2009) Control variables: Firm leverage and  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm size were used as control variables in this project, to remove the effects they might produce on the dependent variables in the regression models Firm Leverage It is calculated as the ratio of total debt to book value of total assets Firm Size It is calculated as the natural logarithm of market capitalization, are designated as control variables in order to remove their effects on the dependent variables in the regression models. A composite view of the model is presented in the diagram: Data Collected (collated view presented in attached excel file) The following companies were chosen from the IT sector. The financial data from Capitaline database for the last 5 years for each of these companies was used to construct a panel data-set: Wipro HCL Mphasis Tech Mahindra Patni Satyam Infosys Polaris TCS Oracle Regression Results The linear OLS multiple regression was conducted on the software R. The dependent variables were Profitability, Productivity, Market Value and Return on Equity. The independent variables were VAIC, HCE, SCE, CEE with Firm Size and Firm Leverage as Control Variables. Two models were evaluated for each dependent variable, one in which the independent variables (apart from the control variables) were HCE, SCE and CEE and another in which the independent variable was VAIC. Below we present the results of the regression. Regression of Productivity CEE is the only significant parameter while HCE, SCE, size and leverage have p values greater than 0.05 and hence insignificant. The coefficient of determination is 45% and CEE explains 34% of the variability in productivity. When we use VAIC as the independent variable, the percentage explanation is just 23%. Regression of Profitability CEE, HCE and SCE are all significant in the regression of profitability. The model explains 91.1% of the variability in profitability with CEE explaining 61.4% and SCE explaining 14.2% of the variability. . When we use VAIC as the independent variable, the percentage explanation is just 80%. Regression of Market Value Firm size is the only significant predictor of market value. The coefficient of determination is 38.8% of which firm size determines 26% of the variability. When using VAIC, the model has an explanation rate of 37.3% Regression of Return on Equity The coefficient of determination for the regression of Return on Equity is 91.4%. CEE, HCE, SCE and firm leverage are all significant estimators. CEE explains 61.2% of the variability while HCE explains 5.5% and SCE explains 15.6% of Return on Equity. When using VAIC, the coefficient of determination is 75%. Conclusion Uses Limitations

The Vampire Diaries The Struggle Chapter Six Free Essays

Stefan sat in the Gilbert living room, agreeing politely with whatever it was Aunt Judith was saying. The older woman was uncomfortable having him here; you didn’t need to be a mind reader to know that. But she was trying, and so Stefan was trying, too. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Six or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wanted Elena to be happy. Elena. Even when he wasn’t looking at her, he was aware of her more than of anything else in the room. Her living presence beat against his skin like sunlight against closed eyelids. When he actually let himself turn to face her, it was a sweet shock to all his senses. He loved her so much. He never saw her as Katherine any more; he had almost forgotten how much she looked like the dead girl. In any case, there were so many differences. Elena had the same pale gold hair and creamy skin, the same delicate features as Katherine, but there the resemblance ended. Her eyes, looking violet in the firelight just now but normally a blue as dark as lapis lazuli, were neither timid nor childlike as Katherine’s had been. On the contrary, they were windows to her soul, which shone like an eager flame behind them. Elena was Elena, and her image had replaced Katherine’s gentle ghost in his heart. But her very strength made their love dangerous. He hadn’t been able to resist her last week when she’d offered him her blood. Granted, he might have died without it, but it had been far too soon for Elena’s own safety. For the hundredth time, his eyes moved over Elena’s face, searching for the telltale signs of change. Was that creamy skin a little paler? Was her expression slightly more remote? They would have to be careful from now on. He would have to be more careful. Make sure to feed often, satisfy himself with animals, so he wouldn’t be tempted. Never let the need get too strong. Now that he thought of it, he was hungry right now. The dry ache, the burning, was spreading along his upper jaw, whispering through his veins and capillaries. He should be out in the woods – senses alert to catch the slightest crackle of dry twigs, muscles ready for the chase – not here by a fire watching the tracery of pale blue veins in Elena’s throat. That slim throat turned as Elena looked at him. â€Å"Do you want to go to that party tonight? We can take Aunt Judith’s car,† she said. â€Å"But you ought to stay for dinner first,† said Aunt Judith quickly. â€Å"We can pick up something on the way.† Elena meant they could pick up something for her, Stefan thought. He himself could chew and swallow ordinary food if he had to, though it did him no good, and he had long since lost any taste for it. No, his†¦ appetites†¦ were more particular now, he thought. And if they went to this party, it would mean hours more before he could feed. But he nodded agreement to Elena. â€Å"If you want to,† he said. She did want to; she was set on it. He’d seen that from the beginning. â€Å"All right then, I’d better change.† She glanced through the doorway, to the empty living room, and said, â€Å"It’s all right. They’re almost healed already. See?† She tugged her lacy collar down, twisting her head to one side. Stefan stared, mesmerized, at the two round marks on the fine-grained skin. They were a very light, translucent burgundy color, like much-watered wine. He set his teeth and forced his eyes away. Looking much longer at that would drive him crazy. â€Å"That wasn’t what I meant,† he said brusquely. The shining veil of her hair fell over the marks again, hiding them. â€Å"Oh.† â€Å"Come in!† As they did, walking into the room, conversations stopped. Elena looked at the faces turned toward them, at the curious, furtive eyes and the wary expressions. Not the kind of looks she was used to getting when she made an entrance. It was another student who’d opened the door for them; Alaric Saltzman was nowhere in sight. But Caroline was, seated on a bar stool, which showed off her legs to their best advantage. She gave Elena a mocking look and then made some remark to a boy on her right. He laughed. Elena could feel her smile start to go painful, while a flush crept up toward her face. Then a familiar voice came to her. â€Å"Elena, Stefan! Over here.† Gratefully, she spotted Bonnie sitting with Meredith and Ed Goff on a loveseat in the corner. She and Stefan settled on a large ottoman opposite them, and she heard conversations start to pick up again around the room. By tacit agreement, no one mentioned the awkwardness of Elena and Stefan’s arrival. Elena was determined to pretend that everything was as usual. And Bonnie and Meredith were backing her. â€Å"You look great,† said Bonnie warmly. â€Å"I just love that red sweater.† â€Å"She does look nice. Doesn’t she, Ed?† said Meredith, and Ed, looking vaguely startled, agreed. â€Å"So your class was invited to this, too,† Elena said to Meredith. â€Å"I thought maybe it was just seventh period.† â€Å"I don’t know ifinvited is the word.† replied Meredith dryly. â€Å"Considering that participation is half our grade.† â€Å"Do you think he was serious about that? He couldn’t be serious,† put in Ed. â€Å"Ray? Oh, Ray. I don’t know, around somewhere, I suppose. There’s a lot of people here.† That was true. The Ramsey living room was packed, and from what Elena could see the crowd flowed into the dining room, the front parlor, and probably the kitchen as well. Elbows kept brushing Elena’s hair as people circulated behind her. â€Å"What did Saltzman want with you after class?† Stefan was saying. â€Å"Alaric,† Bonnie corrected primly. â€Å"He wants us to call him Alaric. Oh, he was just being nice. He felt awful for making me relive such an agonizing experience. He didn’t know exactly how Mr. Tanner died, and he hadn’t realized I was so sensitive. Of course, he’s incredibly sensitive himself, so he understands what it’s like. He’s an Aquarius.† â€Å"With a moon rising in pickup lines,† said Meredith under her breath. â€Å"Bonnie you don’t believe that garbage, do you? He’s a teacher; he shouldn’t be trying that out on students.† â€Å"He wasn’t trying anything out! He said exactly the same thing to Tyler and Sue Carson. He said we should form a support group for each other or write an essay about that night to get our feelings out. He said teenagers are all very impressionable and he didn’t want the tragedy to have a lasting impact on our lives.† â€Å"Oh, brother,† said Ed, and Stefan turned a laugh into a cough. He wasn’t amused, though, and his question to Bonnie hadn’t been just idle curiosity. Elena could tell; she could feel it radiating from him. Stefan felt about Alaric Saltzman the way that most of the people in this room felt about Stefan. Wary and mistrustful. â€Å"Itwas strange, him acting as if the party was a spontaneous idea in our class,† she said, responding unconsciously to Stefan’s unspoken words, â€Å"when obviously it had been planned.† â€Å"What’s even stranger is the idea that the school would hire a teacher without telling him how the previous teacher died,† said Stefan. â€Å"Everyone was talking about it; it must have been in the papers.† â€Å"But not all the details,† said Bonnie firmly. â€Å"In fact, there are things the police still haven’t let out, because they think it might help them catch the killer. For instance,† she dropped her voice, â€Å"do you know what Mary said? Dr. Feinberg was talking to the guy who did the autopsy, the medical examiner. And he said that there was no blood left in the body at all. Not a drop.† Elena felt an icy wind blow through her, as if she stood once again in the graveyard. She couldn’t speak. But Ed said, â€Å"Where’d it go?† â€Å"Well, all over the floor, I suppose,† said Bonnie calmly. â€Å"All over the altar and everything. That’s what the police are investigating now. But it’s unusual for a corpse not to haveany blood left; usually there’s some that settles down on the underside of the body. Postmortem lividity, it’s called. It looks like big purple bruises. What’s wrong?† â€Å"Your incredible sensitivity has me ready to throw up,† said Meredith in a strangled voice. â€Å"Could we possibly talk about something else?† â€Å"You weren’t the one with blood all over you,† Bonnie began, but Stefan interrupted her. â€Å"I don’t know,† said Bonnie, and then she brightened. â€Å"That’s right, Elena, you said you knew – â€Å" â€Å"Shut up, Bonnie,† said Elena desperately. If there ever were a placenot to discuss this, it was in a crowded room surrounded by people who hated Stefan. Bonnie’s eyes widened, and then she nodded, subsiding. Elena could not relax, though. Stefan hadn’t killed Mr. Tanner, and yet the same evidence that would lead to Damon could as easily lead to him. Andwould lead to him, because no one but she and Stefan knew of Damon’s existence. He was out there, somewhere, in the shadows. Waiting for his next victim. Maybe waiting for Stefan – or for her. â€Å"I’m hot,† she said abruptly. â€Å"I think I’ll go see what kinds of refreshmentsAlaric has provided.† Stefan started to rise, but Elena waved him back down. He wouldn’t have any use for potato chips and punch. And she wanted to be alone for a few minutes, to be moving instead of sitting, to calm herself. Being with Meredith and Bonnie had given her a false sense of security. Leaving them, she was once again confronted by sidelong glances and suddenly turned backs. This time it made her angry. She moved through the crowd with deliberate insolence, holding any eye she accidentally caught. I’m already notorious, she thought. I might as well be brazen, too. She was hungry. In the Ramsey dining room someone had set up an assortment of finger foods that looked surprisingly good. Elena took a paper plate and dropped a few carrot sticks on it, ignoring the people around the bleached oak table. She wasn’t going to speak to them unless they spoke first. She gave her full attention to the refreshments, leaning past people to select cheese wedges and Ritz crackers, reaching in front of them to pluck grapes, ostentatiously looking up and down the whole array to see if there was anything she’d missed. She’d succeeded in riveting everyone’s attention, something she knew without raising her eyes. She bit delicately down on a bread stick, holding it between her teeth like a pencil, and turned from the table. â€Å"Mind if I have a bite?† Shock snapped her eyes wide open and froze her breath. Her mind jammed, refusing to acknowledge what was going on, and leaving her helpless, vulnerable, in the face of it. But though rational thought had disappeared, her senses went right on recording mercilessly: dark eyes dominating her field of vision, a whiff of some kind of cologne in her nostrils, two long fingers tilting her chin up. Damon leaned in, and, neatly and precisely, bit off the other end of the bread stick. In that moment, their lips were only inches apart. He was leaning in for a second bite before Elena’s wits revived enough to throw her backward, her hand grabbing the bit of crisp bread and tossing it away. He caught it in midair, a virtuoso display of reflex. His eyes were still on hers. Elena got in a breath at last and opened her mouth; she wasn’t sure what for. To scream, probably. To warn all these people to run out into the night. Her heart was pounding like a triphammer, her vision blurred. What are you doing here? she thought. The scene around her seemed eerily bright and unnatural. It was like one of those nightmares when everything is ordinary, just like waking life, and then suddenly something grotesque happens. He was going to kill them all. â€Å"Elena? Are you okay?† Sue Carson was talking to her, gripping her shoulder. â€Å"I think she choked on something,† Damon said, releasing Elena’s wrist. â€Å"But she’s all right now. Why don’t you introduce us?† He was going to kill them all†¦ â€Å"Elena, this is Damon, um†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sue spread an apologetic hand, and Damon finished for her. â€Å"Smith.† He lifted a paper cup toward Elena. â€Å"La vita.† â€Å"What are you doing here?† she whispered. â€Å"He’s a college student,† Sue volunteered, when it became apparent that Damon wasn’t going to answer. â€Å"From – University of Virginia, was it? William and Mary?† â€Å"Among other places,† Damon said, still looking at Elena. He hadn’t glanced at Sue once. â€Å"I like to travel.† The world had snapped into place again around Elena, but it was a chilling world. There were people on every side, watching this exchange with fascination, keeping her from speaking freely. But they were also keeping her safe. For whatever reason, Damon was playing a game, pretending to be one of them. And while the masquerade went on, he wouldn’t do anything to her in front of a crowd†¦ she hoped. A game. But he was making up the rules. He was standing here in the Ramseys’ dining room playing with her. â€Å"He’s just down for a few days,† Sue was continuing helpfully. â€Å"Visiting – friends, did you say? Or relatives?† â€Å"Yes,† said Damon. â€Å"You’re lucky to be able to take off whenever you want,† Elena said. She didn’t know what was possessing her, to make her try and unmask him. â€Å"Luck has very little to do with it,† said Damon. â€Å"Do you like dancing?† â€Å"What’s your major?† He smiled at her. â€Å"American folklore. Did you know, for instance, that a mole on the neck means you’ll be wealthy? Do you mind if I check?† â€Å"I mind.† The voice came from behind Elena. It was clear and cold and quiet. Elena had heard Stefan â€Å"But do you matter?† he said. The two of them faced each other under the faintly flickering yellow light of the brass chandelier. Elena was aware of layers of her own thoughts, like a parfait. Everyone’s staring; this must be better than the movies†¦ I didn’t realize Stefan was taller†¦ There’s Bonnie and Meredith wondering what’s going on†¦ Stefan’s angry but he’s still weak, still hurting†¦ If he goes for Damon now, he’ll lose†¦ And in front of all these people. Her thoughts came to a clattering halt as everything fell into place. That was what Damon was here for, to make Stefan attack him, apparently unprovoked. No matter what happened after that, he won. If Stefan drove him away, it would just be more proof of Stefan’s â€Å"tendency toward violence.† More evidence for Stefan’s accusers. And if Stefan lost the fight†¦ It would mean his life, thought Elena. Oh, Stefan, he’s so much stronger right now; please don’t do it. Don’t play into his hands. Hewants to kill you; he’s just looking for a chance. She made her limbs move, though they were stiff and awkward as a marionette’s. â€Å"Stefan,† she said, taking his cold hand in hers, â€Å"let’s go home.† She could feel the tension in his body, like an electric current running underneath his skin. At this moment, he was completely focused on Damon, and the light in his eyes was like fire reflecting off a dagger blade. She didn’t recognize him in this mood, didn’t know him. He frightened her. â€Å"Stefan,† she said, calling to him as if she were lost in fog and couldn’t find him. â€Å"Stefan,please. â€Å" And slowly, slowly, she felt him respond. She heard him breathe and felt his body go off alert, clicking down to some lower energy level. The deadly concentration of his mind was diverted and he looked at her, and saw her. â€Å"All right,† he said softly, looking into her eyes. â€Å"Let’s go.† She kept her hands on him as they turned away, one clasping his hand, the other tucked inside his arm. By sheer force of will, she managed not to look over her shoulder as they walked away, but the skin on her back tingled and crawled as if expecting the stab of a knife. Instead, she heard Damon’s low ironical voice: â€Å"And have you heard that kissing a red-haired girl cures fever blisters?† And then Bonnie’s outrageous, flattered laughter. On the way out, they finally ran into their host. â€Å"Leaving so soon?† Alaric said. â€Å"But I haven’t even had a chance to talk to you yet.† He looked both eager and reproachful, like a dog that knows perfectly well it’s not going to be taken on a walk but wags anyway. Elena felt worry blossom in her stomach for him and everyone else in the house. She and Stefan were leaving them to Damon. Right now she had enough to do getting Stefan out of here before he changed his mind. â€Å"I’m not feeling very well,† she said as she picked up her purse where it lay by the ottoman. â€Å"Sorry.† She increased the pressure on Stefan’s arm. It would take very little to get him to turn back and head for the dining room right now. â€Å"I’m sorry,† said Alaric. â€Å"Good-bye.† They were on the threshold before she saw the little slip of violet paper stuck into the side pocket of her purse. She pulled it out and unfolded it almost by reflex, her mind on other things. There was writing on it, plain and bold and unfamiliar. Just three lines. She read them and felt the world rock. This was too much; she couldn’t deal with anything more. â€Å"What is it?† said Stefan. â€Å"Nothing.† She thrust the bit of paper back into the side pocket, pushing it down with her fingers. â€Å"It’s nothing, Stefan. Let’s get outside.† They stepped out into driving needles of rain. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Six, Essay examples

Mental Health Case Scenario

Question: Discuss about theMental Health Case Scenario. Answer: Introduction Mental disorder is one of the most common illnesses that affect people in Australia. Mental illnesses cause socio-psychological changes that alter the behavior, emotion and moods of individuals suffering from mental illnesses. Nonetheless, mental illness can be addressed if measures are taken to examine the patient to ascertain the conditions before diagnosing and providing management and treatment interventions. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of mental illnesses in Australia. It alludes to a case scenario of a 24-year old Derby-based Fred Robinson to analyze the applications of Mental Health Act 2014 in the assessment, management, and treatment of serious mental illnesses. Presenting Information Fred has a serious mental problem that requires an attentive care at the Approved Hospital. A medical examination carried on him revealed that he has psychological and social challenges that require redress. In the first place, the patient is so violent. He demonstrated his aggression when he refused to be interrogated by the police officers and went ahead to shout at them and attempted to punch them (Bradley, Townsend Eburn, 2015). This is a clear proof that Fred is so violent and can be dangerous to the health care providers, carers and himself. When it comes to social challenges, Fred has been observed to be detached from the rest of the society. Apart from hearing imaginary voices, Fred has been displaying a series of antisocial behaviors such as isolation, over-activity, restlessness, and muttering at himself. These are serious issues that need an attention of a psychiatrist because if left unchecked, can be so disastrous to Freds life and that of others around him (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Psychiatric intervention is necessary because it will help the patient to manage his condition and regain his normal mental health. Fred therefore deserved an individualized patient-centered quality psychiatric care because it will not help him, but guarantee the safety of other people that might be victimized by his mental illness. Mental Health Act The Mental Health Act which was enacted in the year 2014 is a legislation that reformed mental health in Australia by acknowledging the contribution of the mentally-ill patients and putting them at the center of the care, recovery and treatment process. As a patient diagnosed with a mental illness, Fred deserves a quality mental health care. To do so, the healthcare providers are mandated to apply the principles of the Mental Health Act 2014 (Curry, 2016). There are several clauses of the act that suit Freds conditions. These are discussed herein: As clearly stipulated in the Mental Health Act 2014, a patient with mental illness should be involved in the decision-making process. The law requires that the practitioner should not engage in any form of treatment, procedure or interventions without seeking the opinion of the patient. A mentally-ill patient, just like any other patient has a right to be notified of their medical conditions and be actively involved in the making decisions regarding the medical interventions to undergo (Palmer, Chondros, Piper, Callander, Weavell, Godbee Furler, 2015). This legislation is relevant in Freds case. The practitioners should not make any decision without seeking for his opinion. His consent or that of his carers should be gotten by the health care providers. The other clause that applies in Freds case is the one that advocates for the need of delivering quality care for the best interest of the patient. When this legislation is applied, the practitioners should do everything within their capacity to help the patient to improve his conditions so as to eventually regain a full recovery (Harvey, 2015). Therefore, the practitioners should adopt the best alternative when handling the patient. For example, even if it might be necessary to restrain him, minimal force should be used to do so. Moreover, Freds care should be guided by the clause which emphasizes the need of examining the patient at an authorized hospital. The referral of Freds case to the authorized hospital was done as per the law. The police officers were right to take Fred to the facility to be given the necessary medical care. So, health care providers at the authorized hospital should not hesitate to receive Fred and accord him the necessary mental care services (Mechanic Olfson, 2016). Lastly, the practitioners should apply a clause that advocates for the respect of individual rights. Although Fred is in a poor state of mental health, no one should take advantage of his condition to infringe on his rights. Apart from dully informing him on all the proposed treatments to be given to him, the patient should be given a quality care that can ensure his safety at all times. Mental State Examination The Mental State Examination (MSE) refers to an organized way of carrying out an observation, examination and documentation of the behaviors, thoughts and motions of an individual. MSE is a very important tool in the field of psychiatry. It can play a very significant role in guiding the mental health professionals in examining the patients with mental illness. As a mentally-ill patient, Fred requires to have a MSE performed for him (Burckhardt, Manicavasagar, Batterham Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2016). To do so, the practitioner needs to use a combination of indirect and direct techniques to gather enough information on the patients social and biographical data based on direct observations made on psychological tests as well as his symptoms. Freds MSE As already hinted, the use of MSE cannot be ruled out when serving Fred because it will play an integral role in determining the severity of his mental conditions. His MSE should therefore be captured in a standard format as outlined below: Appearance 24 year old man Residence of Derby, Kimberley Region, Western Australia Not neat, has a sign of self-neglect because he s dirty, Wrong attire because he wears only one shoe, boardshots, beany and jumper has displayed stereotype as an abnormal involuntary conduct Behavior Patient shows inappropriate behavior He does not maintain eye contact with the health care providers He is uncooperative and rebellious Has a bad rapport with others He has a high level of distraction He is restless He is violent and wants to attack other people around him Speech Low volume of speech Pressured speech Patient gives inappropriate responses to questions He is muttering to himself The patient gives illogical answers Mood The patient is so emotional The patient has a bad mood than he used to be before The patient seems to be anxious Perception The patient reported having experiences delusion and hallucinations He was directed by imaginary voices to commit suicide at the bridge Thought Form and Content The patient has no linearity of thought Patient has abnormal beliefs The patient is obsessed with anger (Curry, 2016). The patient is likely to harm himself and others around him Cognition The patent has low levels of attention The patient has a low level of comprehension of ideas Insight The patient is not aware that the changes in his behaviors, thoughts and feelings are as a result of mental illness (Curry, 2016). The patient is not cooperative and is not ready to be treated MSE is essential for Fred because it can help the service providers to acquire reliable information on his behavior, perception, speech, mood, mind, attitude, appearance, judgment, affect, insight, and thought process. This information, if added to the available historical and biographical data from the patients psychiatric history, can enable the practitioner to organize for a coherent treatment for Fred. Therefore, before providing any form of treatment to the patient, the practitioner should allocate enough time for MSE (Rosenbaum, Tiedemann, Stanton, Parker, Waterreus, Curtis Ward, 2015). The examination is crucial because without it, the practitioner cannot get information to rely on while making a choice on the right kind of intervention to give to the patient. It should also be noted that the patient can be diagnosed based on the results of the MSE or through a performance of an appropriate diagnosis test on the patient. Risk Assessment Potential Risks From the results of his MSE, Fred has a serious mental problem. This means that he deserves to be admitted at the authorized hospital because it is the most suitable facility in which he will get the necessary mental health care (Bartlem, Bowman, Bailey, Freund, Wye, Lecathelinais Wiggers, 2015). However, his admission at the facility will not be a walk in the park because of the myriad of challenges faced as a result of the presence of the patient at the hospital. In other words, Fred is a potential risk because he will pose the following challenges to his health care providers: Violence: A keener look at the MSE reveals that Fred is an aggressive patient who cannot be easily handled by the health care providers. The way in which he treated the police officers who handed him to the facility shows that he is too violent and cause bodily harm to anyone around him. If he almost punched a scary police officer, what would he do to his unarmed health care providers? Unless due care if taken to restrain him, Fred can attack and injure anyone he comes across (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Anger: After the assessment, it was observed that Fred is hot tempered. As a result of his mental illness, Fred has become emotional and gets annoyed so fast. Meaning, he can be easily irritated and be forced to revenge on anyone whom he feels is responsible for his anger (Ogloff, Talevski, Lemphers, Wood Simmons, 2015). It is not an easy task to handle such an emotional patient because one never knows the potential dangers waiting. This is also an important risk that should be considered when handling the patient. Defiance: Another risk associated with Fred is that he is a defiant patient who does not heed advice and cannot follow medication instructions given to him. Meaning, he can not comply with the directions given by the health care providers. This is quite unfortunate because it will make it difficult for the health care providers to effectively serve him as they ought to. Management Plan Since Fred a potential risk at the facility, its employees and himself, it is incumbent upon the service providers to come up with appropriate management plan for him. This paper thus recommends the following management strategies for Fred: De-escalation: This is a management strategy in which one makes a good use f verbal and non-verbal communication to handle a patient. Here, one uses a polite language that can personally appeal to the patient to consider cooperating (Brayley, Alston Rogers, 2015). De-escalation is suitable for dealing with the problem of anger. It does not fuel anger, but prepares the patent to cool down as required. Restraint: Here, measures are taken to deliberately immobilize the patient and prevent him from getting access to other patients, health care providers or his carers who might be harmed by him. While it is important to note that restart strategy is recommend for violent patients, it should be acknowledged that it can be done manually or mechanically using equipments like restraining belts or hand cuffs (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2015). Pro re Nata (p.r.n.): This refers to the use of medications. Medications can be suggested for Fred because they can help in facilitating the redress of his violent acts. Therefore, to do so, the health care provide should choose the most appropriate medicine to use for him. Conclusion Indeed, the Mental Health Act 2014 is a noble legislation that does a good job in promoting the delivery of quality mental health care services to all Australians. Since its enactment, the legislation has been playing a significant role in advocating for the rights of the patients with mental illness. For a mentally-ill patient like Fred, the act can be a relief because it helps in laying out a clear framework on how he should be treated. When he was referred to the authorized hospital, Fred was given an opportunity to get mental care regardless of how violent he was. This is a clear proof that a properly conducted MSE is key to a proper identification of the patients conditions and management and treatment interventions for a patient with mental illness. References Bartlem, K. M., Bowman, J. A., Bailey, J. M., Freund, M., Wye, P. M., Lecathelinais, C., ... Wiggers, J. H. (2015). Chronic disease health risk behaviours amongst people with a mentalillness. 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